Lit The F%#K Up

Description

Land of the Free, Home of the … Cheeseburger?! It’s time to change the narrative (but keep the cheeseburgers). Getting lean is difficult even without fast food on every street. Going to the gym and dieting are all well and good, but this is America! There should be a pill for that! When it comes to dropping unwanted body fat and preventing fat gain, now there is. Lit The F#%K™ Up is an extremely potent thermogenic and lipolytic agent capable of mitigating the damage of a few cheat meals and, when accompanied by a quality lifestyle, producing a ripped and shredded physique.

• 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine increases metabolic rate and thermogenesis for maximum calorie burn.*
• Green Tea Extract blunts carbohydrate absorption and enhances fat oxidation.*
• Kanna Ease™ boosts mood and curbs the edge of dieting and daily stress.*
• CapsiAtra™ reduces body fat deposition on the genetic level.*
• 6-Paradol activates fat-burning brown adipose tissue.*

Less body fat is desired by nearly everyone worldwide. Lit The F#%K Up™ is a powerful combination of fat incinerating ingredients that activate body fat loss from all angles. By increasing caloric expenditure, releasing body fat from its storage sites, burning said body fat, and blocking the storage of any new fat introduced from the diet, there is no other option than to get lean. Be the envy of the world – let Lit The F#%K Up™ chisel you down to your most shredded physique ever!

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Supplement Facts

Ingredient Profile

Niacin

Vitamin B3 is a precursor to NAD, NADH, and NAD+, which are very important factors in energy metabolism. Niacin has many roles in the human body.

• Can stimulate blood flow and create paresthesia (tingles).
• May improve growth hormone release.
• Increases blood ketones as a result of triggering fat oxidation.

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 is one of the water soluble B vitamins that is critical for various metabolic reactions that occur in the body. It is also a coenzyme for protein metabolism and nervous and immune system function.

• B6 is also involved in the formation of the most important enzymes for a well-functioning metabolism
• Vitamin B6 may have some benefits with regard to increasing the rate of testosterone synthesis.
• B6 may also be able to increase levels of growth hormone.

Chromium

Chromium is an essential mineral with a role in insulin sensitivity via chromodulin.

• Decreases blood glucose
• Enhances insulin sensitivity
• Helps with weight loss

Ephedra Extract (Ephedra Nevadensis Leaf)

Ephedra leaf is one of the most potent natural fat burners ever discovered. It has extremely potent thermogenic effects in the human body, which has resulted in dramatic fat loss.

• One study has observed a loss nearly 9 lbs in just 8 weeks of using ephedra.
• Works synergistically with caffeine for enhanced fat-reducing effects.
• Pairing even just low doses of ephedra (22mg) and caffeine (30mg) increase metabolic rate and caloric burn by 8% over the course of a single day.

Lit The F#%K Up Xanthine Complex

1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine

1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine creates a release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act as adrenergic agonists to boost metabolism, performance, and energy.

• Can increase calorie burn by as much as 300 calories in a single dose
• Enhances endurance, training volume, and muscular power output
• Causes more body fat to be released into the blood stream which increases fat burning within the mitochondria

Dicaffeine Malate (Infinergy™)

Infinergy™ is a time released caffeine with no crash.

• Provides all the same great benefits of caffeine without the crash
• Malate may independently improve athletic performance

Green Tea Extract

Green Tea contains many polyphenols which are capable of influencing body fat regulation.

• Green tea can reduce glucose absorption when consumed before meals, decreasing caloric loads of meals.
• Has evidence of enhancing fat oxidation.
• Boosts metabolic rate, especially when paired with caffeine, to burn more calories.
• Early evidence of one polyphenol in green tea for decreasing myostatin and increasing muscle gain.

Theobromine

Theobromine is a xanthine molecule, somewhat like caffeine. It is present in chocolate and yerba matte, and it can help with weight loss, cardioprotection, and cognition.

• Theobromine from chocolate is one of only a few supplements capable of increasing blood flow in healthy, young individuals.
• Improves insulin sensitivity, as assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
• Functions as an antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress and DNA damage.

Stars and Stripes Euphoria Complex

N-Phenethyldimethylamine HCl (Eria Jarensis)

Eria extract contains a compound called N-Phenyldimethylamine which is chemically similar to DMAA.

• This means it produces many of the same ergogenic effects such as enhancing mood, improving focus, and creating a feeling of euphoria.
• This is due to N-Phenyldimethylamine’s function as a neuromodulator in the central nervous system that boosts dopamine (the feel good neurotransmitter) levels.

L-Theanine

L-Theanine is an uncommon amino acid that, when consumed, produces GABA and glutamate - two neurotransmitters that act on the brain to reduce the perception of stress.

• Giesbrecht et al. found the combination of L-theanine and caffeine significantly improved accuracy during task switching, self-reported alertness, and reduced self-reported tiredness.
• Research suggests that L-Theanine’s biggest supplemental role may be in taking the “edge” off of other stimulants.
• A combination of L-Theanine with caffeine is noted to be synergistic in promoting thermogenesis, cognition, and attention.

Kanna Ease™

Kanna is a psychoactive herb without hallucinogenic or habit-forming properties. It is traditionally used prior to stressful events to curb anxiety and improve performance.

• Inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 in the amygdala to exert antidepressive effects.
• Has been noted to have powerful reductions in anxiety
• Improves cognition and executive functioning during tests

Beta-Phenylethylamine HCl

Beta-Phenylethylamine is a neuromodulator responsible for the release of norepinephrine and dopamine which can act as powerful mood enhancers.

• Has been observed as a naturally-released neurochemical following stress to help calm

Dimethylethanolamine

Dimethylethanolamine, or DMAE, is an antioxidant and cognitive support ingredient.

• Helps protect from iron-induced oxidation to provide anti-oxidative effects and maintain cell membrane integrity.
• May be able to improve skin health by decreasing spots and improving elasticity

Juglans Regia Extract

Juglans Regia, aka Walnut, contains antioxidants and healthful fatty acids as well as DMAA analogues for fat burning.

• 2-aminoisoheptanes can be a few different alkaloids, including 1,3-DMAA.
• Enhances metabolism and mental focus by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors and G-protein coupled receptors.

Adipo-Destruction Thermogenic

Higenamine HCl

Higenamine is an adrenergic agonist at the beta1 and beta 2 receptors as well as a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.

• Improves focus, mental clarity, and energy levels
• Works synergistically with other stimulants to greatly enhance metabolic rate
• Acts as a bronchodilator

6-Paradol

6-Paradol, or grains of paradise, comes from an herb in the ginger family that has anti-diabetic and anti-obesogenic effects.

• Humans studies have confirmed that grains of paradise activate brown fat and increase metabolic rate.
• May be able to reduce estrogen and estrogenic effects.

Zingerone

Zingerone comes from ginger, which has quite a few health benefits relating to heart, liver, and other organ health.

• Commonly used to treat a variety of stomach problems.
• Acts as an appetite suppressant to decrease calorie intake and make dieting easier.

Cayenne

From peppers, cayenne in supplemental quantities helps with burning body fat.

• Aids in blood sugar control, which can help prevent high blood glucose storage as body fat
• Mild thermogenic properties boost calorie burn

CapsiAtra

CapsiAtra is a standardized dihydrocapsiate from sweet peppers. Dihydrocapsiate, and other capsaicins, are the components of pepper responsible for improving aspects of fat loss.

• Galgani et al. (2010) discovered subjects who supplemented with Dihydrocapsiate over a one month period were able to increase their resting metabolic rate on a daily basis compared to placebo.
• Has clinical evidence for shutting down adipogenic (fat forming) genes.
• Activates the TRPV receptors to mimic effects of heat and induce fat loss.

Rauwolscine

Rauwolscine is alpha-yohimbine. It is an alpha2 adrenergic antagonist.

• Antagonizing the alpha2 receptor, rauwolscine enhances action of epinephrine for more fat loss and euphoria.
• Prevents the body from being able to form new fat tissue.

3,5-Diiodo-L-Thyronine

Also known as T2, this is a natural thyroid hormone capable of increasing multiple factors of fat loss similar to more well-known thyroid hormones.

• Increases metabolism
• Shifts mitochondrial preference to burn fat
• Longitudinal research has found significant reductions in body weight after just 3-4 weeks.

FAQ

Q: How do I take Lit The F#%K Up™?

A: As a dietary supplement, consume 1 serving (1 capsule) first thing in the morning upon waking. Advanced users may consume an additional serving 5-6 hours later for enhanced effects. Do not exceed 2 servings in a 24 hour period. Do not consume before sleep.

Q: Should I stack Lit The F#%K Up™ with any other products?

A: Lit The F#%K Up™ is a potent, standalone fat burning agent, and it does not need to be stacked. However, men may be interested in simultaneously improving their testosterone levels and controlling cortisol for enhanced body composition effects with Man The F#%K Up.

Q: What are xanthines?

A: Xanthines are a class of purines (an organic, aromatic compound) commonly found in plants and animals (including humans). Some of our favorite supplements are xanthines, including caffeine.

References

Niacin

1. Figueiredo, V. N., Vendrame, F., Colontoni, B. A., Quinaglia, T., Matos-Souza, J. R., Moura, F. A., ... & Sposito, A. C. (2014). Short-term effects of extended-release niacin with and without the addition of laropiprant on endothelial function in individuals with low HDL-C: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Clinical therapeutics, 36(6), 961-966.
2. Rennie, G., et al., Nicotinamide and neurocognitive function. Nutr Neurosci, 2015. 18(5): p. 193-200.
3. Galescu, O.A., et al., A pilot study of the effects of niacin administration on free fatty acid and growth hormone concentrations in children with obesity. Pediatr Obes, 2016.
4. Stokes, K.A., C. Tyler, and K.L. Gilbert, The growth hormone response to repeated bouts of sprint exercise with and without suppression of lipolysis in men. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2008. 104(3): p. 724-8.
5. Arwert, L.I., J.B. Deijen, and M.L. Drent, Effects of an oral mixture containing glycine, glutamine and niacin on memory, GH and IGF-I secretion in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Nutr Neurosci, 2003. 6(5): p. 269-75.
6. Lanes, R., et al., Acipimox, a nicotinic acid analog, stimulates growth hormone secretion in short healthy prepubertal children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2000. 13(8): p. 1115-20.

Vitamin B6

1. Czaja, J., Lebiedzinska, A., Marszall, M., & Szefer, P. (2011). Evaluation for magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation among Polish elite athletes.Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, 62(4).
2. Manore, M. M. (2000). Effect of physical activity on thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 requirements. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 72(2), 598s-606s.
3. Allgood, V. E., & Cidlowski, J. A. (1992). Vitamin B6 modulates transcriptional activation by multiple members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267(6), 3819-3824.

Chromium

1. Bahijiri, S. M., Mira, S. A., Mufti, A. M., & Ajabnoor, M. A. (2000). The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast supplementation on glucose tolerance, serum lipids and drug dosage in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Saudi medical journal, 21(9), 831-837.
2. Ghosh, D., Bhattacharya, B., Mukherjee, B., Manna, B., Sinha, M., Chowdhury, J., & Chowdhury, S. (2002). Role of chromium supplementation in Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 13(11), 690-697.
3. Pei, D., Hsieh, C. H., Hung, Y. J., Li, J. C., Lee, C. H., & Kuo, S. W. (2006). The influence of chromium chloride–containing milk to glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Metabolism, 55(7), 923-927.
4. Kim, C. W., Kim, B. T., Park, K. H., Kim, K. M., Lee, D. J., Yang, S. W., & Joo, N. S. (2011). Effects of short-term chromium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and body composition in overweight children: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 22(11), 1030-1034.
5. Lai, M. H. (2008). Antioxidant effects and insulin resistance improvement of chromium combined with vitamin C and E supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 43(3), 191-198.

Ephedra Extract (Ephedra Nevadensis Leaf)

1. Shekelle, P. G., Hardy, M. L., Morton, S. C., Maglione, M., Mojica, W. A., Suttorp, M. J., ... & Gagné, J. (2003). Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance: a meta-analysis. Jama, 289(12), 1537-1545.
2. Boozer, C. N., Daly, P. A., Homel, P., Solomon, J. L., Blanchard, D., Nasser, J. A., ... & Meredith, T. (2002). Herbal ephedra/caffeine for weight loss: a 6-month randomized safety and efficacy trial. International Journal of Obesity, 26(5), 593.
3. Haller, C. A., Benowitz, N. L., & Jacob III, P. (2005). Hemodynamic effects of ephedra-free weight-loss supplements in humans. The American journal of medicine, 118(9), 998-1003.
4. Hackman, R. M., Havel, P. J., Schwartz, H. J., Rutledge, J. C., Watnik, M. R., Noceti, E. M., ... & Keen, C. L. (2006). Multinutrient supplement containing ephedra and caffeine causes weight loss and improves metabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity, 30(10), 1545.
5. Haller, C. A., Jacob III, P., & Benowitz, N. L. (2002). Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single‐dose dietary supplement use. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 71(6), 421-432.
6. Dulloo, A. G., & Miller, D. S. (1986). The thermogenic properties of ephedrine/methylxanthine mixtures: animal studies. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 43(3), 388-394.

Lit The F#%K Up Xanthine Complex

1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine

1. Astrup, A., et al. Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers.
2. Paton, C. D., Lowe, T., & Irvine, A. (2010). Caffeinated chewing gum increases repeated sprint performance and augments increases in testosterone in competitive cyclists. European journal of applied physiology, 110(6), 1243-1250.
3. Mora-Rodríguez, R., Pallarés, J. G., López-Samanes, Á., Ortega, J. F., & Fernández-Elías, V. E. (2012). Caffeine ingestion reverses the circadian rhythm effects on neuromuscular performance in highly resistance-trained men. PLoS One, 7(4), e33807.
4. Desbrow, B., Biddulph, C., Devlin, B., Grant, G. D., Anoopkumar-Dukie, S., & Leveritt, M. D. (2012). The effects of different doses of caffeine on endurance cycling time trial performance. Journal of sports sciences, 30(2), 115-120.
5. Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., & Madsen, M. R. (2006). Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75‐year old citizens. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. Clinical endocrinology, 65(2), 223-228.
6. Schneiker, K. T., Bishop, D., Dawson, B., & Hackett, L. P. (2006). Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team-sport athletes. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 38(3), 578-585.
7. Duncan, M. J., & Oxford, S. W. (2011). The effect of caffeine ingestion on mood state and bench press performance to failure. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 178-185.
8. Del Coso, J., Salinero, J. J., González-Millán, C., Abián-Vicén, J., & Pérez-González, B. (2012). Dose response effects of a caffeine-containing energy drink on muscle performance: a repeated measures design. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9(1), 21.

Dicaffeine Malate (Infinergy™)

1. Sommerfeld, A., & Witherly, S. (2014). S. Patent No. 8,642,095. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
2. Pérez-Guisado, J., & Jakeman, P. M. (2010). Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1215-1222.

Green Tea Extract

1. Dellalibera, O., Lemaire, B., & Lafay, S. (2006). Svetol, green coffee extract, induces weight loss and increases the lean to fat mass ratio in volunteers with overweight problem. Phytotherapie, 4(4), 194-197.
2. Shimoda, H., Seki, E., & Aitani, M. (2006). Inhibitory effect of green coffee bean extract on fat accumulation and body weight gain in mice. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 6(1), 9.
3. Ochiai, R., Jokura, H., Suzuki, A., Tokimitsu, I., Ohishi, M., Komai, N., ... & Ogihara, T. (2004). Green coffee bean extract improves human vasoreactivity. Hypertension Research, 27(10), 731-737.
4. Thom, E. (2007). The effect of chlorogenic acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy volunteers and its effect on body mass when used long-term in overweight and obese people. Journal of International Medical Research, 35(6), 900-908.
5. Watanabe, T., Arai, Y., Mitsui, Y., Kusaura, T., Okawa, W., Kajihara, Y., & Saito, I. (2006). The blood pressure-lowering effect and safety of chlorogenic acid from green coffee bean extract in essential hypertension. Clinical and experimental hypertension, 28(5), 439-449.

Theobromine

1. Monahan, K. D., Feehan, R. P., Kunselman, A. R., Preston, A. G., Miller, D. L., & Lott, M. E. (2011). Dose-dependent increases in flow-mediated dilation following acute cocoa ingestion in healthy older adults. Journal of applied physiology, 111(6), 1568-1574.
2. Vlachopoulos, C., Aznaouridis, K., Alexopoulos, N., Economou, E., Andreadou, I., & Stefanadis, C. (2005). Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals. American journal of hypertension, 18(6), 785-791.
3. Loffredo, L., Perri, L., Catasca, E., Pignatelli, P., Brancorsini, M., & Nocella, C. Dark chocolate acutely improves walking autonomy in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014; 3 (4): e001072.
4. Davison, K., Coates, A. M., Buckley, J. D., & Howe, P. R. C. (2008). Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects. International journal of obesity, 32(8), 1289.
5. Grassi, D., Necozione, S., Lippi, C., Croce, G., Valeri, L., Pasqualetti, P., ... & Ferri, C. (2005). Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Hypertension, 46(2), 398-405.
6. Grassi, D., Desideri, G., Necozione, S., Lippi, C., Casale, R., Properzi, G., ... & Ferri, C. (2008). Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. The Journal of nutrition, 138(9), 1671-1676.

Stars and Stripes Euphoria Complex

N-Phenethyldimethylamine HCl (Eria Jarensis)

1. Li, J. S., Chen, M., & Li, Z. C. (2012). Identification and quantification of dimethylamylamine in geranium by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical chemistry insights, 7, 47.
2. Zhang, Y., Woods, R. M., Breitbach, Z. S., & Armstrong, D. W. (2012). 1, 3‐Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) in supplements and geranium products: natural or synthetic?. Drug testing and analysis, 4(12), 986-990.
3. Hedman, K., Leander, K., & Luning, B. (1969). Studies on Orchidaceae Alkaloids. Phenethylamines from Eria-Jarensis. Acta Chemica Scandinavia, 23(9), 3261

L-Theanine

1. Nobre, A. C., Rao, A., & Owen, G. N. (2008). L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 17(S1), 167-168.
2. Park, S. K., Jung, I. C., Lee, W. K., Lee, Y. S., Park, H. K., Go, H. J., … & Rho, S. S. (2011). A combination of green tea extract and l-theanine improves memory and attention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Journal of medicinal food, 14(4), 334-343.
3. Owen, G. N., Parnell, H., De Bruin, E. A., & Rycroft, J. A. (2008). The combined effects of L-theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and mood. Nutritional neuroscience, 11(4), 193-198.
4. Giesbrecht, T., Rycroft, J. A., Rowson, M. J., & De Bruin, E. A. (2010). The combination of L-theanine and caffeine improves cognitive performance and increases subjective alertness. Nutritional neuroscience, 13(6), 283-290.

Kanna Ease™

1. Terburg, D., Syal, S., Rosenberger, L. A., Heany, S., Phillips, N., Gericke, N., ... & Van Honk, J. (2013). Acute effects of Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin), a dual 5-HT reuptake and PDE4 inhibitor, in the human amygdala and its connection to the hypothalamus. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38(13), 2708.
2. Chiu, S., Gericke, N., Farina-Woodbury, M., Badmaev, V., Raheb, H., Terpstra, K., ... & Sanchez, V. (2014). Proof-of-concept randomized controlled study of cognition effects of the proprietary extract Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin) targeting phosphodiesterase-4 in cognitively healthy subjects: implications for Alzheimer’s dementia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014.
3. Smith, C. (2011). The effects of Sceletium tortuosum in an in vivo model of psychological stress. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 133(1), 31-36.

Beta-Phenylethylamine HCl

1. Paulos, M. A., & Tessel, R. E. (1982). Excretion of beta-phenethylamine is elevated in humans after profound stress. Science, 215(4536), 1127-1129.
2. Boulton AA, Juorio AV, Paterson IA. Phenylethylamine in the CNS: effects of monoamine oxidase inhibiting drugs, deuterium substitution and lesions and its role in the neuromodulation of catecholaminergic neurotransmission. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1990
3. Calvert R, Vohra S, Ferguson M, Wiesenfeld P. A beating heart cell model to predict cardiotoxicity: effects of the dietary supplement ingredients higenamine, phenylethylamine, ephedrine and caffeine. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015
4. Nieforth KA. Psychotomimetic phenethylamines. J Pharm Sci. 1971
5. Sabelli HC, Borison RL, Diamond BI, Havdala HS, Narasimhachari N. Phenylethylamine and brain function. Biochem Pharmacol. 1978
6. Heuson E, Storgaard M, Huynh TH, Charmantray F, Gefflaut T, Bunch L. Profiling substrate specificity of two series of phenethylamine analogs at monoamine oxidase A and B. Org Biomol Chem. 2014

Dimethylethanolamine

1. Nagy, I. Z., & Nagy, K. (1980). On the role of cross-linking of cellular proteins in aging. Mechanisms of ageing and development, 14(1-2), 245-251.
2. Uhoda, I., Faska, N., Robert, C., Cauwenbergh, G., & Piérard, G. E. (2002). Split face study on the cutaneous tensile effect of 2‐dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) gel. Skin Research and Technology, 8(3), 164-167.
3. Grossman, R. (2005). The role of dimethylaminoethanol in cosmetic dermatology. American journal of clinical dermatology, 6(1), 39-47.

Juglans Regia Extract

1. Catalani, V., Prilutskaya, M., Al-Imam, A., Marrinan, S., Elgharably, Y., Zloh, M., ... & Corazza, O. (2018). Octodrine: new questions and challenges in sport supplements. Brain sciences, 8(2), 34.
2. Cohen, P. A., Travis, J. C., Keizers, P. H., Deuster, P., & Venhuis, B. J. (2018). Four experimental stimulants found in sports and weight loss supplements: 2-amino-6-methylheptane (octodrine), 1, 4-dimethylamylamine (1, 4-DMAA), 1, 3-dimethylamylamine (1, 3-DMAA) and 1, 3-dimethylbutylamine (1, 3-DMBA). Clinical toxicology, 56(6), 421-426.

Adipo-Destruction Thermogenic

Higenamine HCl

1. Bai, G., Yang, Y., Shi, Q., Liu, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2008). Identification of higenamine in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata as a beta2‐adrenergic receptor agonist1. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 29(10), 1187-1194.
2. Pyo, M. K., Lee, D. H., Kim, D. H., Lee, J. H., Moon, J. C., Chang, K. C., & Yun-Choi, H. S. (2008). Enantioselective synthesis of (R)-(+)-and (S)-(−)-higenamine and their analogues with effects on platelet aggregation and experimental animal model of disseminated intravascular coagulation.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 18(14), 4110-4114.
3. Kam, S. C., Do, J. M., Choi, J. H., Jeon, B. T., Roh, G. S., Chang, K. C., & Hyun, J. S. (2012). The relaxation effect and mechanism of action of higenamine in the rat corpus cavernosum. International journal of impotence research, 24(2), 77-83.
4. Zhou, S. J., & Du, G. Y. (2003). [Effects of higenamine on the cardio-circulatory system]. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi= China journal of Chinese materia medica, 28(10), 910-913.
5. Tsukiyama, M., Ueki, T., Yasuda, Y., Kikuchi, H., Akaishi, T., Okumura, H., & Abe, K. (2009). Beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated tracheal relaxation induced by higenamine from Nandina domestica Thunberg. Planta medica, 75(13), 1393-1399.
6. Kang, Y. J., Lee, Y. S., Lee, G. W., Lee, D. H., Ryu, J. C., Yun-Choi, H. S., & Chang, K. C. (1999). Inhibition of activation of nuclear factor κB is responsible for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by higenamine, an active component of aconite root. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 291(1), 314-320.

6-Paradol

1. El-Halawany, A. M., El Dine, R. S., Chung, M. H., Nishihara, T., & Hattori, M. (2011). Screening for estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of plants growing in Egypt and Thailand. Pharmacognosy research, 3(2), 107.
2. Sugita, J., Yoneshiro, T., Hatano, T., Aita, S., Ikemoto, T., Uchiwa, H., ... & Saito, M. (2013). Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(4), 733-738.
3. Adefegha, S. A., & Oboh, G. (2012). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of two Aframomum species. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 23(4), 153-161.

Zingerone

1. Smith, C., Crowther, C., Willson, K., Hotham, N., & McMillian, V. (2004). A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 103(4), 639-645.
2. Chaiyakunapruk, N., Kitikannakorn, N., Nathisuwan, S., Leeprakobboon, K., & Leelasettagool, C. (2006). The efficacy of ginger for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 194(1), 95-99.
3. Black, C. D., Herring, M. P., Hurley, D. J., & O’Connor, P. J. (2010). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. The Journal of Pain, 11(9), 894-903.
4. Ernst, E., & Pittler, M. H. (2000). Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. British journal of anaesthesia, 84(3), 367-371.
5. Wu, K. L., Rayner, C. K., Chuah, S. K., Changchien, C. S., Lu, S. N., Chiu, Y. C., … & Lee, C. M. (2008). Effects of ginger on gastric emptying and motility in healthy humans. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 20(5), 436-440.

Cayenne

1. Dow J, Simkhovich BZ, Hale SL, Kay G, Kloner RA. Capsaicin-Induced Cardioprotection. Is Hypothermia or the Salvage Kinase Pathway Involved?
2. Singletary, Keith. (2011). Red Pepper: Overview of Potential Health Benefits. Nutrition Today, 46 (1), 33-47.
3. Calixto J, Kassuya C, Andre E, Ferreira J. Contribution of natural products to the discovery of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels family and their functions. Pharmacol Ther. 2005;106:179Y208.
4. Conway S. TRPing the switch on pain: an introduction to the chemistry and biology of capsaicin and TRPV1. Chem Soc Rev. 2008;37:1530Y1545.
5. Cosmetic Ingredients Review Expert Panel. Final Report on the safety assessment of Capsicum annuum extract, Capsicum annuum fruit extract, Capsicum annuum resin, Capsicum annuum fruit powder, Capsicum frutescens fruit, Capsicum frutescens fruit extract, Capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin. Int J Toxicol. 2007;26(suppl 1):3Y106.
6. Barceloux D. Pepper and capsaicin (Capsicum and Piper species). In: Barceloux D, ed: Medicial Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Toxic Plants, and Venomous Animals. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons; 2008:71Y76.
7. Reilly C, Taylor J, Lanza D, Carr B, Crouch D, Yost G. Capsaicinoids cause inflammation and epithelial cell death through activation of vanilloid receptors. Toxicol Sci.
8. Govindarajan V, Sathyanarayana M. Capsicum-production, technology, chemistry, and quality. Part V. Impact on physiology, pharmacology, nutrition, and metabolism; structure, pungency, pain, and desensitization sequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1991;29:435Y474.
9. Imatake K1, Matsui T, Moriyama M. The effect and mechanism of action of capsaicin on gastric acid output.

CapsiAtra

1. Inoue, N., Matsunaga, Y., Satoh, H., & Takahashi, M. (2007). Enhanced energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans with high BMI scores by the ingestion of novel and non-pungent capsaicin analogues (capsinoids). Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 71(2), 380-389
2. Galgani, J. E., & Ravussin, E. (2010). Effect of dihydrocapsiate on resting metabolic rate in humans. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 92(5), 1089-1093.
3. Galgani, J. E., Ryan, D. H., & Ravussin, E. (2010). Effect of capsinoids on energy metabolism in human subjects. British journal of nutrition, 103(01), 38-42.
4. Lee, T. A., Li, Z., Zerlin, A., & Heber, D. (2010). Effects of dihydrocapsiate on adaptive and diet-induced thermogenesis with a high protein very low calorie diet: a randomized control trial. Nutrition & metabolism, 7(1), 1.

Rauwolscine

1. Perry, B. D., & U’Prichard, D. C. (1981). [3 H] Rauwolscine (α-yohimbine): A specific antagonist radioligand for brain α 2-adrenergic receptors. European journal of pharmacology, 76(4), 461-464.
2. Arthur, J. M., Casańas, S. J., & Raymond, J. R. (1993). Partial agonist properties of rauwolscine and yohimbine for the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by recombinant human 5-HT 1A receptors. Biochemical pharmacology,45(11), 2337-2341.
3. Rockhold, R. W., & Gross, F. (1981). Yohimbine diastereoisomers: Cardiovascular effects after central and peripheral application in the rat.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s archives of pharmacology, 315(3), 227-231.
4. Wainscott, D. B., Sasso, D. A., Kursar, J. D., Baez, M., Lucaites, V. L., & Nelson, D. L. (1997). [3H] Rauwolscine: an antagonist radioligand for the cloned human 5-hydroxytryptamine2B (5-HT2B) receptor. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s archives of pharmacology, 357(1), 17-24.

3,5-Diiodo-L-Thyronine

1. Lanni, A., Moreno, M., Lombardi, A., de Lange, P., Silvestri, E., Ragni, M., ... & Goglia, F. (2005). 3, 5-diiodo-L-thyronine powerfully reduces adiposity in rats by increasing the burning of fats. The FASEB journal, 19(11), 1552-1554.
2. Mollica, M. P., Lionetti, L., Moreno, M., Lombardi, A., De Lange, P., Antonelli, A., ... & Goglia, F. (2009). 3, 5-diiodo-l-thyronine, by modulating mitochondrial functions, reverses hepatic fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Journal of hepatology, 51(2), 363-370.
3. de Lange, P., Cioffi, F., Senese, R., Moreno, M., Lombardi, A., Silvestri, E., ... & Lanni, A. (2011). Non-thyrotoxic prevention of diet-induced insulin resistance by 3, 5-diiodo-l-thyronine in rats. Diabetes, DB_110207.
4. Antonelli, A., Fallahi, P., Ferrari, S. M., Di, A. D., Moreno, M., Lanni, A., & Goglia, F. (2011). 3, 5-diiodo-L-thyronine increases resting metabolic rate and reduces body weight without undesirable side effects. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, 25(4), 655-660.
5. Ball, S. G., Sokolov, J., & Chin, W. W. (1997). 3, 5-Diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) has selective thyromimetic effects in vivo and in vitro. Journal of molecular endocrinology, 19(2), 137-147.
6. Lombardi, A., de Lange, P., Silvestri, E., Busiello, R. A., Lanni, A., Goglia, F., & Moreno, M. (2009). 3, 5-Diiodo-L-thyronine rapidly enhances mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation rate and thermogenesis in rat skeletal muscle: AMP-activated protein kinase involvement. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 296(3), E497-E502.
7. Grasselli, E., Voci, A., Demori, I., Canesi, L., De Matteis, R., Goglia, F., ... & Vergani, L. (2012). 3, 5-Diiodo-L-thyronine modulates the expression of genes of lipid metabolism in a rat model of fatty liver. Journal of Endocrinology, 212(2), 149-158.
8. Moreno, M., Silvestri, E., De Matteis, R., de Lange, P., Lombardi, A., Glinni, D., ... & Lanni, A. (2011). 3, 5-Diiodo-L-thyronine prevents high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle through metabolic and structural adaptations. The FASEB Journal, 25(10), 3312-3324.

WARNING

California’s Proposition 65 entitles California consumers to special warnings.

WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm - www.P65warnings.ca.gov/